{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-72463", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.933Z", "datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:57:07.413Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:29.613Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:29.613Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: Fix dev use-after-free in xfrm async resumption\n\nxfrm async resumption hold skb->dev refcnt until after transport_finish.\nHowever, xfrm_rcv_cb may modify skb->dev to tunnel dev without taking\ndevice reference, such as vti_rcv_cb. The subsequent async resumption\nwill decrement the tunnel device's reference count, which lead to uaf\nof tunnel dev and refcnt leak of orig dev as below:\n\nunregister_netdevice: waiting for vti1 to become free. Usage count = -2\n\nStash the original skb->dev to fix refcnt imbalance. The new skb->dev set\nby xfrm_rcv_cb can race with device teardown. Extend rcu protection over\nxfrm_rcv_cb and transport_finish to prevent races."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - Reachable from the network receive path: remote ESP/AH (or UDP-encapsulated IPsec) packets hit ip_rcv \u2192 xfrm4/xfrm6 protocol handlers \u2192 vti/xfrmi input \u2192 xfrm_input() \u2192 async crypto resume, on Internet-facing IPsec/VTI/xfrmi VPN gateways and cloud endpoints.\nAC:L - Once async decryption resumes (encap_type=-1), vti_rcv_cb/xfrmi_rcv_cb retarget skb->dev and the stale dev_put is deterministic; the attacker controls packet rate/volume to drive -EINPROGRESS and can race netdev teardown, so no uncontrollable victim-only conditions apply.\nPR:N - No local account, shell, or capability on the victim is required\u2014only network-delivered IPsec traffic accepted by a pre-configured VTI/xfrmi gateway (e.g., VPN peer, site-to-site endpoint); administrative IPsec setup is deployment state, not attacker privilege on the host.\nUI:N - Exploitation is fully automated by sending IPsec packets; no victim interaction such as mounting filesystems, opening files, or clicking links is needed.\nS:U - Impact is kernel net_device refcount corruption/UAF within the host kernel security authority; it does not cross VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundaries (standard kernel privilege escalation, not escape).\nC:H - Use-after-free of a net_device after refcount underflow (e.g., usage count=-2) exposes freed netdev/slab memory; per kernel UAF guidance this provides a high-impact arbitrary-read primitive via heap grooming.\nI:H - Corrupting freed net_device structures and reference counts is classic heap UAF that can be shaped into arbitrary kernel writes and control-flow hijack for code execution, per kernel memory-corruption guidance.\nA:H - Refcount imbalance causes unregister_netdevice to hang (usage count=-2), kernel oops/panic during tunnel teardown, and reliable denial of service on IPsec gateways even before full exploitation."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/ipv4/xfrm4_input.c", "net/ipv6/xfrm6_input.c", "net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c"], "versions": [{"version": "1c428b03840094410c5fb6a5db30640486bbbfcb", "lessThan": "63a30015199912bd5055bead8001b1ae68a67cdb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1c428b03840094410c5fb6a5db30640486bbbfcb", "lessThan": "8045c0df98d4f14c54e5cb875f1c9c0ce89fe4ff", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4236c30b437b80f673b9e08c8fae38b8d471ac9e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "0f451b43c88bf2b9c038b414be580efee42e031b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "5002beda5cac69d522dc54da0d5d463ed9c963d2", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "6.12.94", "lessThan": "6.13", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.23", "lessThan": "6.19", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19.13", "lessThan": "6.20", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/ipv4/xfrm4_input.c", "net/ipv6/xfrm6_input.c", "net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c"], "versions": [{"version": "7.0", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "7.0", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.1.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.2", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "7.0", "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.5"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "7.0", "versionEndExcluding": "7.2"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12.94"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.18.23"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.19.13"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/63a30015199912bd5055bead8001b1ae68a67cdb"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8045c0df98d4f14c54e5cb875f1c9c0ce89fe4ff"}], "title": "xfrm: Fix dev use-after-free in xfrm async resumption", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/ipv4/xfrm4_input.c", "net/ipv6/xfrm6_input.c", "net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "63a30015199912bd5055bead8001b1ae68a67cdb", "status": "affected", "version": "1c428b03840094410c5fb6a5db30640486bbbfcb", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "8045c0df98d4f14c54e5cb875f1c9c0ce89fe4ff", "status": "affected", "version": "1c428b03840094410c5fb6a5db30640486bbbfcb", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4236c30b437b80f673b9e08c8fae38b8d471ac9e", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0f451b43c88bf2b9c038b414be580efee42e031b", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5002beda5cac69d522dc54da0d5d463ed9c963d2", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6.13", "status": "affected", "version": "6.12.94", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "6.19", "status": "affected", "version": "6.18.23", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "6.20", "status": "affected", "version": "6.19.13", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/ipv4/xfrm4_input.c", "net/ipv6/xfrm6_input.c", "net/xfrm/xfrm_input.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "7.0"}, {"lessThan": "7.0", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.1.5", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.2", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: Fix dev use-after-free in xfrm async resumption\n\nxfrm async resumption hold skb->dev refcnt until after transport_finish.\nHowever, xfrm_rcv_cb may modify skb->dev to tunnel dev without taking\ndevice reference, such as vti_rcv_cb. The subsequent async resumption\nwill decrement the tunnel device's reference count, which lead to uaf\nof tunnel dev and refcnt leak of orig dev as below:\n\nunregister_netdevice: waiting for vti1 to become free. Usage count = -2\n\nStash the original skb->dev to fix refcnt imbalance. The new skb->dev set\nby xfrm_rcv_cb can race with device teardown. Extend rcu protection over\nxfrm_rcv_cb and transport_finish to prevent races."}], "id": "CVE-2026-72463", "lastModified": "2026-08-17T06:19:14.040", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-08-15T06:22:20.303", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/63a30015199912bd5055bead8001b1ae68a67cdb"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8045c0df98d4f14c54e5cb875f1c9c0ce89fe4ff"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Received"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: xfrm: Fix dev use-after-free in xfrm async resumption", "id": "2516643", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2516643"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-825", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nxfrm: Fix dev use-after-free in xfrm async resumption\nxfrm async resumption hold skb->dev refcnt until after transport_finish.\nHowever, xfrm_rcv_cb may modify skb->dev to tunnel dev without taking\ndevice reference, such as vti_rcv_cb. The subsequent async resumption\nwill decrement the tunnel device's reference count, which lead to uaf\nof tunnel dev and refcnt leak of orig dev as below:\nunregister_netdevice: waiting for vti1 to become free. Usage count = -2\nStash the original skb->dev to fix refcnt imbalance. The new skb->dev set\nby xfrm_rcv_cb can race with device teardown. Extend rcu protection over\nxfrm_rcv_cb and transport_finish to prevent races.", "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's xfrm (IP eXtensible FRamework for IPsec) subsystem. This vulnerability occurs during asynchronous resumption where the xfrm_rcv_cb function can modify a network device without properly managing its reference count. This improper handling leads to a use-after-free condition on the tunnel device and a reference count leak on the original device. An attacker could potentially exploit this to cause system instability or a denial of service (DoS)."], "name": "CVE-2026-72463", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Under investigation", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-08-15T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-72463\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72463\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026081533-CVE-2026-72463-5eb9@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[0,63a30015199912bd5055bead8001b1ae68a67cdb)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[0,8045c0df98d4f14c54e5cb875f1c9c0ce89fe4ff)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "4236c30b437b80f673b9e08c8fae38b8d471ac9e"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "0f451b43c88bf2b9c038b414be580efee42e031b"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "5002beda5cac69d522dc54da0d5d463ed9c963d2"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.12.94,6.13.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.23,6.19.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.19.13,6.20.0)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "7.0"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,7.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[7.1.5,7.2.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[7.2-rc1,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-08-15T17:45:03.070232+00:00", "updated": "2026-08-22T06:45:04.027029+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}